Living Biosensing Materials Made by Photopolymerisation: Recognition, Signal Coupling, Containment and Calibration

Living biosensing materials combine viable engineered cells with a shaped matrix that transports analyte, confines the organism and couples biological recognition to an observable signal. A useful sensor therefore requires more than viability or reporter expression: analyte access, response function, selectivity, containment, calibration, storage and drift must all be demonstrated. This review distinguishes biosensor transfer functions from general living-material viability and defines minimum qualification for response time, dynamic range, matrix effects and biological stability. ER-436.