Biosensors Integrated with Photopolymer Platforms: Immobilisation, Transport, Fouling, Signal Stability and Validation

Photopolymer platforms can integrate microfluidics, optical paths, electrodes and immobilisation regions into compact biosensors, but fabrication success does not guarantee analytical validity. Bioreceptor activity can be lost during attachment or storage, analyte transport can limit response, and nonspecific adsorption can create signal in complex matrices. Printed surfaces also carry residual chemistry and roughness that influence protein adsorption and cell or biomolecule compatibility. Qualification therefore links surface preparation and immobilisation to mass transport, blank response, calibration and fouling resistance. Capture capacity, response time, analytical sensitivity, specificity, precision, drift and recovery in a matrix-relevant sample define the usable state. The engineering result is a qualified immobilisation protocol, a transport and flow envelope, and an antifouling and calibration-stability criterion. ER-380.