Poly(propylene fumarate) Photoresins for Stereolithography: Oligomer Identity, Reactive-Diluent Control, Temperature–Viscosity Coupling, Pulsed-UV Cure and Qualification

PPF photoresins have been processed by layerwise and projection stereolithography as PPF/DEF mixtures or PPF-rich systems. Primary studies show that oligomer number-average molar mass, PPF fraction and resin temperature control rheology; selected cDLP specimens exceeded 15 MPa ultimate tensile strength with elastic moduli of 178–199 MPa. A 308 nm pulsed-projection platform achieved micrometre-scale cure-depth control with 1 wt% BAPO, while initiator absorption, oxygen, interfaces, pulse fluence and bleaching altered the working-curve response. These data are platform-specific. HOS-cell attachment after 48 h, hydrolysable ester linkages and the term resorbable do not establish device biocompatibility, in-vivo resorption or safe degradation products. Qualification must freeze oligomer identity, DEF and initiator mass balance, temperature–viscosity state, temporal exposure, spatial cure, extractables, degradation products and use-specific biological evidence.

3Dresyns Engineering Review ER-115, version 0.3. Provider-neutral technical review. The deposited PDF is controlled by its exact SHA-256 in the release manifest.