Vat-Photopolymerised Water-Soluble Sacrificial Tooling for Ceramic and Metal Powder Injection Moulding: Process-Class Boundaries, Intricate Geometry, Aqueous Removal and Qualification Requirements
Segurola, Juan
2026-08-27 · Informe · Versión 0.5
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Water-soluble sacrificial tooling can extend ceramic and metal powder injection moulding to enclosed cavities, undercuts, tortuous channels and freeform negative geometries that are difficult to realise with conventional demouldable tooling. The evidence base, however, contains process classes that must not be merged. Direct studies support ceramic injection moulding, a complete near-zero-pressure metal-powder process chain, low-pressure injection of a 316L suspension into a complex helix mould, and thermoplastic micro-injection lost-core manufacturing. Separate material studies support hydrolysable vat-photopolymerised cavity tools, while adjacent reviews describe sacrificial removal without closing the PIM-specific removal-kinetics gap. ER-85 therefore classifies geometric advantage classes, feedstock/process classes, binder-built versus ready-slurry preparation routes, stage-resolved evidence and failure-discrimination requirements. Conventional high-pressure or POM-bound systems such as Catamold remain an explicit upper-boundary case because no retained source demonstrates injection into a water-soluble VPP mould followed by aqueous tool removal and the complete downstream chain. Manufacturer documentation identifies candidate implementation routes only. Exact compositions are not inferred, and no product-specific superiority, universal compatibility or universal feature-size claim is made.