Transport, Degradation and Mechanical Evolution in Vat-Printed Tissue-Engineering Scaffolds: Coupled Design and Qualification
Segurola, Juan
2026-08-21 · Informe · Versión 1.3
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Vat photopolymerisation enables tissue-engineering scaffolds with designed pore networks, perfusable channels and spatially controlled architectures, but the realised scaffold is governed by coupled material and geometric evolution after printing. Hydration changes dimensions, polymer volume fraction and modulus; molecular transport depends on both intrinsic network mesh size and designed pore connectivity; degradation changes mass, chemistry, pore structure and mechanics; and post-processing establishes the initial crosslink state from which all later behaviour develops. Published stereolithography and DLP studies demonstrate that scaffold stiffness can be controlled through architecture and material chemistry, that perfusable networks can support complex transport regimes, and that enzymatic or hydrolytic cleavage can deliberately transform mechanical and diffusional behaviour after fabrication. This review organises the evidence around four coupled questions: what is transported, through which length scale; what mechanical function must be retained; what degradation mechanism changes the network; and at what hydrated/degraded state each property is measured. A qualification framework is proposed using time-resolved geometry, swelling, mass change, molecular-weight or chemical conversion where relevant, transport metrics and mechanical testing on matched specimens. Commercial 3Dresyns products are included only as implementation examples whose documentation illustrates different research variables; they are not used as independent evidence of tissue regeneration, clinical suitability or a universal degradation rate. The central conclusion is that scaffold performance should be reported as a trajectory through material state, not as a list of unrelated initial properties.