Molecular Design of Bio-Based Photoresins for Vat Photopolymerisation: Renewable Building Blocks, Network Architecture and Performance Trade-Offs
Segurola, Juan
2026-08-21 · Informe · Versión 1.5
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Renewable building blocks are increasingly incorporated into photoresins for stereolithography, digital light processing and related vat-photopolymerisation processes. The field is chemically diverse: plant-oil acrylates provide flexible aliphatic segments and adjustable functionality; itaconate polyesters enable systematic control of double-bond density and backbone structure; isosorbide and biomass-derived aromatic units introduce rigidity; lignin-, vanillin-, guaiacol-, cardanol- and rosin-derived structures provide alternative aromatic or polycyclic motifs; and dynamic covalent chemistry adds reprocessability or chemical recovery as an orthogonal network function. Across these families, bio-based content alone does not determine viscosity, cure response, glass-transition temperature, modulus, toughness, resolution or recyclability. Instead, each property emerges from the interaction between molecular structure and the photopolymerisation process. This review synthesises primary studies from 2016-2026 and formal standards for biobased-carbon measurement to establish an architecture-centred framework for bio-based VPP materials. Particular attention is given to the distinction between radiocarbon-based biobased carbon content and formulation mass fraction; the effect of molecular functionality and reactive diluent on viscosity and conversion; architecture-dependent stiffness-toughness trade-offs; and the separation of renewable sourcing from biodegradability, circularity and life-cycle impact. A minimum reporting framework is proposed to improve cross-study comparability and to prevent unsupported extrapolation from feedstock origin to material performance or environmental benefit.