Metrology of Vat Photopolymerisation: Resolution, Trueness, Precision and Geometric Fidelity Across Scales
Segurola, Juan
2026-08-21 · Informe · Versión 1.5
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Geometric performance in vat photopolymerisation (VPP) is frequently compressed into terms such as resolution, accuracy and precision even though these descriptors answer different measurement questions. This ambiguity limits comparison across printers, resins, feature scales and studies. This review develops a metrological framework for VPP based on current measurement terminology and additive-manufacturing standards. Resolution is treated as a feature-reproduction capability rather than a synonym for accuracy; accuracy is decomposed into trueness and precision; and realised geometric fidelity is treated as the end result of a multistage chain connecting the digital target, projected optical field, local cure response, layerwise mechanics, post-processing and the measurement system. Recent interlaboratory work on VPP working curves demonstrates that even foundational cure parameters can be poorly reproducible without controlled procedures, while newer studies show that feature size, polarity, orientation, pixel aliasing, stitching, overcuring, warpage and measurement modality can each change the apparent dimensional outcome. The review therefore argues against universal single-number claims of VPP resolution or accuracy. A minimum-reporting framework is proposed covering printer/light-engine state, resin state, exposure variables, feature geometry and polarity, post-processing, measurement method, uncertainty, replicate structure and statistical definitions. The framework is intended to support cross-study comparability, process qualification and defensible engineering claims while remaining independent of any particular commercial calibration system.