Carbon-Dioxide-Derived Feedstock Claims in Photocurable Materials: Provenance Evidence, Carbonate and Carbamate Functionalisation, Carbon Accounting and Performance Limits

Claims that a photocurable feedstock is carbon-dioxide-derived require a continuous provenance chain rather than recognition of a carbonate group or the use of CO2 somewhere in processing. Controlled evidence for this review separates three distinct literatures: chemical fixation of CO2 into cyclic carbonates, photocurable cyclic-carbonate-derived urethane or polyhydroxy-urethane chemistry, and carbon accounting. The held sources do not yet join those literatures into one verified chain from CO2 to a polymerisable precursor and then to a photopolymerised network. ER-411 therefore treats CO2 derivation as a claim to be qualified, not as an established property of a material class. It defines the minimum provenance, functionalisation, mass-balance and performance evidence needed before such a claim can be transferred to a photocurable formulation, while reserving lifecycle comparison and environmental superiority to ER-17.