Bone–Implant Interfaces for Photopolymer-Derived Devices: Surface Chemistry, Porosity, Mechanics and Biological Evidence

A bone-implant interface is formed by the final material surface, pore architecture, degradation behaviour, mechanics, fixation, surgical environment and host response. Photopolymer-derived devices span retained organic networks, particle-filled composites and debound or transformed ceramics; these states cannot share one biological inference. Surface chemistry can change during washing, post-cure, sterilisation, hydrolysis or sintering, while architecture controls fluid transport, cell access, mechanical stiffness and stress concentration. Early cytocompatibility therefore does not establish local tissue tolerance, bone formation or stable osseointegration. This review defines a non-compensatory qualification framework for photopolymer-derived bone interfaces. It freezes the material-transformation route and final device, measures chemistry and multiscale porosity, separates constituent properties from structural performance, and links micromotion and load transfer to staged biological evidence. In vitro assays, degradation studies, implantation histology, micro-computed tomography, mechanical fixation and clinically relevant comparators are assigned distinct evidentiary roles. Bone-implant contact is interpreted together with new-bone volume, tissue quality, inflammation, fibrous encapsulation and interfacial strength. The framework supports traceable engineering decisions without disclosing proprietary formulations or asserting that any generic printed material is suitable for implantation.

ER-258 · Version 0.4.