Vat Photopolymerisation of Implantable Ceramics: Processing, Sintering, Bioactivity and Qualification Constraints
Segurola, Juan
2026-09-17 · Report · Version 1.2
VPP of ceramic-filled resins enables complex zirconia, alumina, hydroxyapatite and related bioceramic geometries, but qualification spans several material states. High-solids slurry must remain printable and homogeneous; the green body must survive cleaning; debinding must remove organics without cracking; sintering must control shrinkage, phase and porosity; and the final ceramic must meet application-specific mechanical, chemical and biological requirements. Recent studies on DLP 3YSZ, hydroxyapatite scaffolds and porous bone-regeneration structures illustrate the importance of formulation, cleaning, debinding and sintering. This review defines a six-state evidence chain from feedstock to final device and separates dense zirconia-type requirements from porous bioactive scaffold requirements. Ceramic 3Dresyn CDP zirconia/YSZ and alumina products are included as commercial process examples only, with no implant or clinical suitability inferred.